Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 1 proteins |
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- Name help_outline 2',3'-cGAMP Identifier CHEBI:143093 Charge -2 Formula C20H22N10O13P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline XRILCFTWUCUKJR-INFSMZHSSA-L SMILEShelp_outline P1(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]2O)N3C=NC=4C(=NC=NC43)N)COP(=O)(O[C@H]5[C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]5O)CO1)N6C=NC=7C(NC(=NC76)N)=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-β-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide Identifier CHEBI:58475 (Beilstein: 6669264) help_outline Charge -2 Formula C9H13N4O8P InChIKeyhelp_outline NOTGFIUVDGNKRI-UUOKFMHZSA-L SMILEShelp_outline NC(=O)c1ncn([C@@H]2O[C@H](COP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)c1N 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 11 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:60464 | RHEA:60465 | RHEA:60466 | RHEA:60467 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Augmentation of reduced folate carrier-mediated folate/antifolate transport through an antiport mechanism with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside monophosphate.
Visentin M., Zhao R., Goldman I.D.
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent with diverse pharmacological properties, augments transport of folates and antifolates. This report further characterizes this phenomenon and defines the mechanism by which it occurs. Exposure of HeLa cells to AICAR resulted in augmentation ... >> More
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent with diverse pharmacological properties, augments transport of folates and antifolates. This report further characterizes this phenomenon and defines the mechanism by which it occurs. Exposure of HeLa cells to AICAR resulted in augmentation of methotrexate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate initial rates and net uptake in cells that express the reduced folate carrier (RFC). This did not occur in cells that express only the proton-coupled folate transporter and accumulated folates by this mechanism. Transport stimulation correlated with the accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide monophosphate (ZMP), the monophosphate derivative of AICAR, within cells as established by liquid chromatography. When ZMP formation was blocked with 5-iodotubercidin, an inhibitor of adenosine kinase, folate transport stimulation by AICAR was absent. When cells first accumulated ZMP and were then exposed to 5-iodotubercidin or AICAR-free buffer, the ZMP level markedly decreased and folate transport stimulation was abolished. Extracellular ZMP inhibited RFC-mediated folate influx, and the presence of intracellular ZMP correlated with inhibition of folate efflux. The data indicate that intracellular ZMP trans-stimulates folate influx and inhibits folate efflux, which, together, produce a marked augmentation in the net cellular folate level. This interaction among ZMP, folates, and RFC, a folate/organic phosphate antiporter, is consistent with a classic exchange reaction. The transmembrane gradient for one transport substrate (ZMP) drives the uphill transport of another (folate) via a carrier used by both substrates, a phenomenon intrinsic to the energetics of RFC-mediated folate transport. << Less
Mol. Pharmacol. 82:209-216(2012) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 3 other entries.
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SLC19A1 is an importer of the immunotransmitter cGAMP.
Ritchie C., Cordova A.F., Hess G.T., Bassik M.C., Li L.
2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a second messenger that activates the antiviral stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. We recently identified a novel role for cGAMP as a soluble, extracellular immunotransmitter that is produced and secreted by cancer cells. Secreted cGAMP is then sensed by ... >> More
2'3'-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a second messenger that activates the antiviral stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. We recently identified a novel role for cGAMP as a soluble, extracellular immunotransmitter that is produced and secreted by cancer cells. Secreted cGAMP is then sensed by host cells, eliciting an antitumoral immune response. Due to the antitumoral effects of cGAMP, other CDN-based STING agonists are currently under investigation in clinical trials for metastatic solid tumors. However, it is unknown how cGAMP and other CDNs cross the cell membrane to activate intracellular STING. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen, we identified SLC19A1 as the first known importer of cGAMP and other CDNs, including the investigational new drug 2'3'-bisphosphosphothioate-cyclic-di-AMP (2'3'-CDA<sup>S</sup>). These discoveries will provide insight into cGAMP's role as an immunotransmitter and aid in the development of more targeted CDN-based cancer therapeutics. << Less
Mol. Cell 0:0-0(2019) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.