Enzymes
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- Name help_outline α-D-glucose 6-phosphate Identifier CHEBI:58225 Charge -2 Formula C6H11O9P InChIKeyhelp_outline NBSCHQHZLSJFNQ-DVKNGEFBSA-L SMILEShelp_outline O[C@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 7 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline β-D-fructose 6-phosphate Identifier CHEBI:57634 (Beilstein: 6422468) help_outline Charge -2 Formula C6H11O9P InChIKeyhelp_outline BGWGXPAPYGQALX-ARQDHWQXSA-L SMILEShelp_outline OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](COP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 17 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:11816 | RHEA:11817 | RHEA:11818 | RHEA:11819 | |
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| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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Enzymes of the human erythrocyte. IV. Phosphoglucose isomerase, purification and properties.
TSUBOI K.K., ESTRADA J., HUDSON P.B.
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Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase deficiency associated with nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in the mouse: an animal model for the human disease.
Merkle S., Pretsch W.
The first two mutations causing hereditary glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in nonhuman mammals are described in the mouse. As in humans, the hemolytic syndrome, which is characterized by a diminished erythrocyte number, lower h ... >> More
The first two mutations causing hereditary glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in nonhuman mammals are described in the mouse. As in humans, the hemolytic syndrome, which is characterized by a diminished erythrocyte number, lower hematocrit, lower hemoglobin, higher number of reticulocytes and plasma bilirubin concentration, as well as increased liver- and spleen-somatic indices, was exclusively manifested in homozygous mutants. In comparison with wild type, heterozygous individuals exhibited neither hematologic differences nor alterations of other physiologic parameters, including plasma concentration of glucose, pyruvate and lactate, body weight, organo-somatic indices of liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and heart, as well as viability. Glycolytic intermediates, adenine nucleotides, and metabolic rate were not significantly altered in erythrocytes from heterozygotes. On the contrary, if allowance is made for the young erythrocyte population, homozygous mutant erythrocytes showed an increased concentration of glucose-6-phosphate and normal or decreased concentrations of glycolytic metabolites following the enzymatic block. The concentration of adenosine triphosphate and the glycolytic rate also appeared to be reduced. Homozygous anemic mice showed hepatosplenomegaly and typical adaptations to hypoxia, such as an elevated heart-somatic index and, for one mutant line, an enhanced lung-somatic index. Further, these animals were characterized by a marked reduction of body weight and an increase of lethality both correlated with the degree of enzyme deficiency in tissues. The latter findings were attributed to a reduced glycolytic capability of the whole organism caused by the enzyme defect in tissues, rather than representing secondary consequences of GPI deficiency in erythrocytes. The similarity in physicochemical and kinetic properties of the mutant murine proteins reported earlier with those of allozymes found in human GPI deficiency, as well as the comparable metabolic and physiologic consequences of this enzyme defect in mice and humans support that these murine mutants are excellent animal models for the human disease. << Less
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The enzymes of mammary gland. I. Isolation of phosphoglucose isomerase.
BAICH A., WOLFE R.G., REITHEL F.J.
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ISOLATION OF CRYSTALLINE PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE FROM BREWERS' YEAST.
NAKAGAWA Y., NOLTMANN E.A.
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Dual anomeric specificity and dual anomerase activity of phosphoglucoisomerase quantified by two-dimensional phase-sensitive 13C EXSY NMR.
Willem R., Biesemans M., Hallenga K., Lippens G., Malaisse-Lagae F., Malaisse W.J.
The reversible conversion between D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate catalyzed by yeast phosphoglucoisomerase was studied by phase sensitive two-dimensional 13C-[1H] EXSY NMR spectroscopy at 150.869 and 125.759 MHz, using 13C-enriched substrates in the C2 position of the D-hexose 6-p ... >> More
The reversible conversion between D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-fructose 6-phosphate catalyzed by yeast phosphoglucoisomerase was studied by phase sensitive two-dimensional 13C-[1H] EXSY NMR spectroscopy at 150.869 and 125.759 MHz, using 13C-enriched substrates in the C2 position of the D-hexose 6-phosphates. The shape of the build-up curves of the cross-peaks associated with the 13C2 resonances of the alpha- and beta-anomers of both D-[2-13C]glucose 6-phosphate and D-[2-13C]fructose 6-phosphate reveals that phosphoglucoisomerase selectively catalyzes the reversible conversion between alpha-D-[2-13C]glucose 6-phosphate and beta-D-[2-13C]fructose 6-phosphate. Quantitative analysis of the build-up curves by three different methods allowed us to conclude that phosphoglucoisomerase not only selectively channels the latter isomerization but also considerably accelerates the anomerization of both D-hexose 6-phosphates. The rate constants of anomerization were indeed much higher in the presence than in the absence of enzyme. The major finding in the present study consists in the anomeric specificity of phosphoglucoisomerase toward the beta-anomer of D-fructose 6-phosphate both as a substrate and a product, contrary to previous proposals. This finding supports recent evidence suggesting the direct channelling of beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from phosphoglucoisomerase to phosphofructokinase. << Less
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Phosphoglucose isomerase of green gram (Phaseolus radiatus).
RAMASARMA T., GIRI K.V.
Arch Biochem Biophys 62:91-96(1956) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.
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Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii: characterization of the first archaeal member of the phosphoglucose isomerase superfamily.
Rudolph B., Hansen T., Schonheit P.
ORF MJ1605, previously annotated as pgi and coding for the putative glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified 80-kDa protein consisted of a single ... >> More
ORF MJ1605, previously annotated as pgi and coding for the putative glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI) of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified 80-kDa protein consisted of a single subunit of 45 kDa, indicating a homodimeric (alpha(2)) structure. The K(m) values for fructose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate were 0.04 mM and 1 mM, the corresponding V(max) values were 20 U/mg and 9 U/mg, respectively (at 50 degrees C). The enzyme had a temperature optimum at 89 degrees C and showed significant thermostability up to 95 degrees C. The enzyme was inhibited by 6-phosphogluconate and erythrose-4-phosphate. RT-PCR experiments demonstrated in vivo expression of ORF MJ1618 during lithoautotrophic growth of M. jannaschii on H(2)/CO(2). Phylogenetic analyses indicated that M. jannaschii PGI was obtained from bacteria, presumably from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima. << Less
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Effect of 6-phosphogluconate on phosphoglucose isomerase in rat brain in vitro and in vivo.
Gaitonde M.K., Murray E., Cunningham V.J.
The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase, its kinetic properties, and the effect of 6-phosphogluconate on its activity in the forward (glucose 6-phosphate----fructose 6-phosphate) and the reverse (fructose 6-phosphate----glucose 6-phosphate) reactions were determined in adult rat brain in vitro. T ... >> More
The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase, its kinetic properties, and the effect of 6-phosphogluconate on its activity in the forward (glucose 6-phosphate----fructose 6-phosphate) and the reverse (fructose 6-phosphate----glucose 6-phosphate) reactions were determined in adult rat brain in vitro. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase (in nmol/min/mg of whole brain protein) was 1,865 +/- 20 in the forward reaction and 1,756 +/-32 in the reverse reaction at pH 7.5. It was 1,992 +/- 28 and 2,620 +/-46, respectively, at pH 8.5. The apparent Km and Vmax of phosphoglucose isomerase were 0.593 +/- 0.031 mM and 2,291 +/-61 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively, for glucose 6-phosphate and 0.095 +/-0.013 mM and 2,035 +/-98 nmol/min/mg of protein, respectively, for fructose 6-phosphate. The activity of phosphoglucose isomerase was inhibited intensely and competitively by 6-phosphogluconate, with an apparent Ki of 0.048 +/-0.005 mM for glucose 6-phosphate and 0.042 +/-0.004 mM for fructose 6-phosphate as the substrate. With glucose 6-phosphate as the substrate, at concentrations from 0.05 to 0.5 mM, the activity of the enzyme was inhibited completely in the presence of 0.5-2.0 mM 6-phosphogluconate. With 0.05-0.2 mM fructose 6-phosphate as the substrate, it was inhibited greater than or equal to 85% at the same concentrations of the inhibitor. No significant changes were observed in the values of Km, Vmax, and Ki for phosphoglucose isomerase in the brain of 6-aminonicotinamide-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) << Less
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ISOLATION OF CRYSTALLINE PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE FROM RABBIT MUSCLE.
NOLTMANN E.A.
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Bifunctional phosphoglucose/phosphomannose isomerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum.
Hansen T., Urbanke C., Schoenheit P.
ORF PAE1610 from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum was first annotated as the conjectural pgi gene coding for hypothetical phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). However, we have recently identified this ORF as the putative pgi/pmi gene coding for hypothetical bifunctional phospho ... >> More
ORF PAE1610 from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum was first annotated as the conjectural pgi gene coding for hypothetical phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). However, we have recently identified this ORF as the putative pgi/pmi gene coding for hypothetical bifunctional phosphoglucose/phosphomannose isomerase (PGI/PMI). To prove its coding function, ORF PAE1610 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was characterized. The 65-kDa homodimeric protein catalyzed the isomerization of both glucose-6-phosphate and mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate at similar catalytic rates, thus characterizing the enzyme as bifunctional PGI/PMI. The enzyme was extremely thermoactive; it had a temperature optimum for catalytic activity of about 100 degrees C and a melting temperature for thermal unfolding above 100 degrees C. << Less
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Bifunctional phosphoglucose/phosphomannose isomerases from the archaea Aeropyrum pernix and Thermoplasma acidophilum constitute a novel enzyme family within the phosphoglucose isomerase superfamily.
Hansen T., Wendor ff D., Schoenheit P.
The hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Aeropyrum pernix contains phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) activity. However, obvious homologs with significant identity to known PGIs could not be identified in the sequenced genome of this organism. The PGI activity from A. pernix was purified and characterized. ... >> More
The hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon Aeropyrum pernix contains phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) activity. However, obvious homologs with significant identity to known PGIs could not be identified in the sequenced genome of this organism. The PGI activity from A. pernix was purified and characterized. Kinetic analysis revealed that, unlike all known PGIs, the enzyme catalyzed reversible isomerization not only of glucose 6-phosphate but also of epimeric mannose 6-phosphate at similar catalytic efficiency, thus defining the protein as bifunctional phosphoglucose/phosphomannose isomerase (PGI/PMI). The gene pgi/pmi encoding PGI/PMI (open reading frame APE0768) was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight analyses; the gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as functional PGI/PMI. Putative PGI/PMI homologs were identified in several (hyper)thermophilic archaea and two bacteria. The homolog from Thermoplasma acidophilum (Ta1419) was overexpressed in E. coli, and the recombinant enzyme was characterized as bifunctional PGI/PMI. PGI/PMIs showed low sequence identity to the PGI superfamily and formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster. However, secondary structure predictions and the presence of several conserved amino acids potentially involved in catalysis indicate some structural and functional similarity to the PGI superfamily. Thus, we propose that bifunctional PGI/PMI constitutes a novel protein family within the PGI superfamily. << Less