Publications

• Structure-function analysis of the dolichyl phosphate-mannose: protein O-mannosyltransferase ScPmt1p.

  Girrbach V., Zeller T., Priesmeier M., Strahl-Bolsinger S.

  Protein O-mannosylation is an essential protein modification. It is initiated at the endoplasmic reticulum by a family of dolichyl phosphate-mannose:protein O-mannosyltransferases (Pmts), which is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pmt1p is an integral membrane ... >> More

  Protein O-mannosylation is an essential protein modification. It is initiated at the endoplasmic reticulum by a family of dolichyl phosphate-mannose:protein O-mannosyltransferases (Pmts), which is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pmt1p is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. ScPmt1p forms a complex with ScPmt2p that is required for maximum transferase activity. Recently, we proposed a seven-transmembrane structural model for ScPmt1p. A large, hydrophilic, endoplasmic reticulum-oriented segment is flanked by five amino-terminal and two carboxyl-terminal membrane-spanning domains. Based on this model, a structure-function analysis of ScPmt1p was performed. Deletion mutagenesis identified the N-terminal third of the transferase as being essential for the formation of a functional ScPmt1p-ScPmt2p complex. Deletion of the central hydrophilic loop eliminates mannosyltransferase activity, but not ScPmt1p-ScPmt2p interactions. Alignment of all fully characterized PMT family members revealed that this central loop region contains three highly conserved peptide motifs, which can be considered as signatures of the PMT family. In addition, a number of invariant amino acid residues were identified throughout the entire protein sequence. In order to evaluate the functional significance of these conserved residues site-directed mutagenesis was performed. We show that several amino acid substitutions in the conserved motifs significantly reduce ScPmt1p activity. Further, the invariant residues Arg-64, Glu-78, Arg-138, and Leu-408 are essential for ScPmt1p function. In particular, Arg-138 is crucial for ScPmt1p-ScPmt2p complex formation. << Less

  J. Biol. Chem. 275:19288-19296(2000) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• PMT family of Candida albicans: five protein mannosyltransferase isoforms affect growth, morphogenesis and antifungal resistance.

  Prill S.K., Klinkert B., Timpel C., Gale C.A., Schroppel K., Ernst J.F.

  Protein O-mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins) initiate O-mannosylation of secretory proteins. The PMT gene family of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans consists of PMT1 and PMT6, as well as three additional PMT genes encoding Pmt2, Pmt4 and Pmt5 isoforms described here. Both PMT2 alleles c ... >> More

  Protein O-mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins) initiate O-mannosylation of secretory proteins. The PMT gene family of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans consists of PMT1 and PMT6, as well as three additional PMT genes encoding Pmt2, Pmt4 and Pmt5 isoforms described here. Both PMT2 alleles could not be deleted and growth of conditional strains, containing PMT2 controlled by the MET3- or tetOScHOP1-promoters, was blocked in non-permissive conditions, indicating that PMT2 is essential for growth. A homozygous pmt4 mutant was viable, but synthetic lethality of pmt4 was observed in combination with pmt1 mutations. Hyphal morphogenesis of a pmt4 mutant was defective under aerobic induction conditions, yet increased in embedded or hypoxic conditions, suggesting a role of Pmt4p-mediated O-glycosylation for environment-specific morphogenetic signalling. Although a PMT5 transcript was detected, a homozygous pmt5 mutant was phenotypically silent. All other pmt mutants showed variable degrees of supersensitivity to antifungals and to cell wall-destabilizing agents. Cell wall composition was markedly affected in pmt1 and pmt4 mutants, showing a significant decrease in wall mannoproteins. In a mouse model of haematogenously disseminated infection, PMT4 was required for full virulence of C. albicans. Functional analysis of the first complete PMT gene family in a fungal pathogen indicates that Pmt isoforms have variable and specific roles for in vitro and in vivo growth, morphogenesis and antifungal resistance. << Less

  Mol. Microbiol. 55:546-560(2005) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Demonstration of mammalian protein O-mannosyltransferase activity: coexpression of POMT1 and POMT2 required for enzymatic activity.

  Manya H., Chiba A., Yoshida A., Wang X., Chiba Y., Jigami Y., Margolis R.U., Endo T.

  Defects in O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan are thought to cause certain types of congenital muscular dystrophies with neuronal migration disorders. Among these muscular dystrophies, Walker-Warburg syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene encoding putative protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 ( ... >> More

  Defects in O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan are thought to cause certain types of congenital muscular dystrophies with neuronal migration disorders. Among these muscular dystrophies, Walker-Warburg syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene encoding putative protein O-mannosyltransferase 1 (POMT1), which is homologous to yeast protein O-mannosyltransferases. However, there is no evidence that POMT1 has enzymatic activity. In this study, we first developed a method to detect protein O-mannosyltransferase activity in mammalian cells. Then, using this method, we showed that coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 (another gene homologous to yeast protein O-mannosyltransferases) was necessary for the enzyme activity, but expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone was insufficient. The requirement of an active enzyme complex of POMT1 and POMT2 suggests that the regulation of protein O-mannosylation is complex. Further, protein O-mannosylation appears to be required for normal structure and function of alpha-dystroglycan in muscle and brain. In view of the potential importance of this form of glycosylation for a number of developmental and neurobiological processes, the ability to assay mammalian protein O-mannosyltransferase activity should greatly facilitate progress in the identification and localization of O-mannosylated proteins and the elucidation of their functional roles. << Less

  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101:500-505(2004) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Protein-O-glycosylation in yeast: protein-specific mannosyltransferases.

  Gentzsch M., Tanner W.

  S. cerevisiae contains at least six genes (PMT1-6) for dolicholphosphate-D-mannose: protein-O-D-mannosyltransferases. The in vivo mannosylation of seven O-mannosylated yeast proteins has been analyzed in a number of pmt mutants. The results clearly indicate that the various protein O-mannosyltrans ... >> More

  S. cerevisiae contains at least six genes (PMT1-6) for dolicholphosphate-D-mannose: protein-O-D-mannosyltransferases. The in vivo mannosylation of seven O-mannosylated yeast proteins has been analyzed in a number of pmt mutants. The results clearly indicate that the various protein O-mannosyltransferases have different specificities for protein substrates. Five of the proteins tested (chitinase, a-agglutinin, Kre9p, Bar1p, Pir2p/hsp 150) are mainly underglycosylated in pmt1 and pmt2 mutants, whereby qualitative differences exist among the various proteins. Two of the O-mannosylated proteins (Ggp1p and Kex2p) are not at all affected in pmt1 and pmt2 mutants but are clearly underglycosylated when PMT4 is mutated. Although the PMT4 gene product is shown to be responsible for O-mannosylating a Ser-rich region of Ggp1p in vivo, a penta-seryl-peptide is not an in vitro substrate for this transferase. A PMT3 mutation does affect O-mannosylation of chitinase only in the genetic background of a pmt1pmt2 double mutation, indicating that PMT1 and PMT2 can compensate for a deleted PMT3 gene. << Less

  Glycobiology 7:481-486(1997) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Membrane association is a determinant for substrate recognition by PMT4 protein O-mannosyltransferases.

  Hutzler J., Schmid M., Bernard T., Henrissat B., Strahl S.

  Protein O-mannosylation represents an evolutionarily conserved, essential posttranslational modification with immense impact on a variety of cellular processes. In humans, O-mannosylation defects result in Walker-Warburg syndrome, a severe recessive congenital muscular dystrophy associated with de ... >> More

  Protein O-mannosylation represents an evolutionarily conserved, essential posttranslational modification with immense impact on a variety of cellular processes. In humans, O-mannosylation defects result in Walker-Warburg syndrome, a severe recessive congenital muscular dystrophy associated with defects in neuronal migration that produce complex brain and eye abnormalities. In mouse and yeasts, loss of O-mannosylation causes lethality. Protein O-mannosyltransferases (PMTs) initiate the assembly of O-mannosyl glycans. The evolutionarily conserved PMT family is classified into PMT1, PMT2, and PMT4 subfamilies, which mannosylate distinct target proteins. In contrast to other types of glycosylation, signal sequences for O-mannosylation have not been identified to date. In the present study, we identified signals that determine PMT4-dependent O-mannosylation. Using specific model proteins, we demonstrate that in yeast Pmt4p mediates O-mannosylation of Ser/Thr-rich membrane-attached proteins. The nature of the membrane-anchoring sequence is nonrelevant, as long as it is flanked by a Ser/Thr-rich domain facing the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Our work shows that, in contrast to several other types of glycosylation, PMT4 O-mannosylation signals are not just linear protein's primary structure sequences but rather are highly complex. Based on these findings, we performed in silico analyses of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome and identified previously undescribed Pmt4p substrates. This tool for proteome-wide identification of O-mannosylated proteins is of general interest because several of these proteins are major players of a wide variety of cellular processes. << Less

  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:7827-7832(2007) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Protein O-mannosylation: what we have learned from baker's yeast.

  Loibl M., Strahl S.

  <h4>Background</h4>Protein O-mannosylation is a vital type of glycosylation that is conserved among fungi, animals, and humans. It is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where the synthesis of the mannosyl donor substrate and the mannosyltransfer to proteins take place. O-mannosylation def ... >> More

  <h4>Background</h4>Protein O-mannosylation is a vital type of glycosylation that is conserved among fungi, animals, and humans. It is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where the synthesis of the mannosyl donor substrate and the mannosyltransfer to proteins take place. O-mannosylation defects interfere with cell wall integrity and ER homeostasis in yeast, and define a pathomechanism of severe neuromuscular diseases in humans.<h4>Scope of review</h4>On the molecular level, the O-mannosylation pathway and the function of O-mannosyl glycans have been characterized best in the eukaryotic model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this review we summarize general features of protein O-mannosylation, including biosynthesis of the mannosyl donor, characteristics of acceptor substrates, and the protein O-mannosyltransferase machinery in the yeast ER. Further, we discuss the role of O-mannosyl glycans and address the question why protein O-mannosylation is essential for viability of yeast cells.<h4>General significance</h4>Understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein O-mannosylation in yeast could lead to the development of novel antifungal drugs. In addition, transfer of the knowledge from yeast to mammals could help to develop diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the frame of neuromuscular diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Functional and structural diversity of endoplasmic reticulum. << Less

  Biochim Biophys Acta 1833:2438-2446(2013) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• Protein O-glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the protein O-mannosyltransferases Pmt1p and Pmt2p function as heterodimer.

  Gentzsch M., Immervoll T., Tanner W.

  The protein O-mannosyltransferases Pmt1p and Pmt2p are catalyzing the O-glycosylation of serine and threonine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast. Deletion of each of these proteins by disruption of the corresponding gene leads to a dramatic decrease of mannosyltransferase activity in v ... >> More

  The protein O-mannosyltransferases Pmt1p and Pmt2p are catalyzing the O-glycosylation of serine and threonine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum of yeast. Deletion of each of these proteins by disruption of the corresponding gene leads to a dramatic decrease of mannosyltransferase activity in vitro. With an anti-Pmt1p immunoaffinity column a complex of Pmt1p and a second protein was purified; this protein turned out to be Pmt2p. Overexpression of Pmt1p or Pmt2p, respectively, does not increase mannosyltransferase activity in vitro. Overexpression of both mannosyltransferases together, however, raises in vitro activity threefold. These data indicate that Pmt1p and Pmt2p function as a complex catalyzing protein O-glycosylation in yeast. << Less

  FEBS Lett. 377:128-130(1995) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• O-mannosylation is required for degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation substrate Gas1*p via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

  Hirayama H., Fujita M., Yoko-o T., Jigami Y.

  In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, protein O-mannosylation, which is executed by protein O-mannosyltransferases, is essential for a variety of biological processes as well as for conferring solubility to misfolded proteins. To determine if O-mannosylation plays an essential role in endoplasmic reticulum ... >> More

  In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, protein O-mannosylation, which is executed by protein O-mannosyltransferases, is essential for a variety of biological processes as well as for conferring solubility to misfolded proteins. To determine if O-mannosylation plays an essential role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins, we used a model misfolded protein, Gas1*p. The O-mannose content of Gas1*p, which is transferred by protein O-mannosyltransferases, was higher than that of Gas1p. Both Pmt1p and Pmt2p, which do not transfer O-mannose to correctly folded Gas1p, participated in the O-mannosylation of Gas1*p. Furthermore, in a pmt1 Delta pmt2 Delta double-mutant background, degradation of Gas1*p is altered from a primarily proteasome dependent to a vacuolar protease-dependent pathway. This process is in a manner dependent on a Golgi-to-endosome sorting function of the VPS30 complex II. Collectively, our data suggest that O-mannosylation plays an important role for proteasome-dependent degradation of Gas1*p via the ERAD pathway and when O-mannosylation is insufficient, Gas1*p is degraded in the vacuole. Thus, we propose that O-mannosylation by Pmt1p and Pmt2p might be a key step in the targeting of some misfolded proteins for degradation via the proteasome-dependent ERAD pathway. << Less

  J. Biochem. 143:555-567(2008) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.

• PMT1, the gene for a key enzyme of protein O-glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

  Strahl-Bolsinger S., Immervoll T., Deutzmann R., Tanner W.

  The integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzing the initial reaction of protein O-glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been purified to homogeneity. The 92-kDa N-glycosylated protein transfers mannose residues from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to specific serine/threonine r ... >> More

  The integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein catalyzing the initial reaction of protein O-glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been purified to homogeneity. The 92-kDa N-glycosylated protein transfers mannose residues from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to specific serine/threonine residues of proteins entering the secretory pathway. This type of mannosyl transfer reaction has so far been observed only in fungal cells. Oligonucleotides derived from peptide sequences of the transferase were used to screen a genomic yeast library. A clone was isolated which contains an open reading frame of 2451 bp corresponding to an mRNA transcript of 3 kb. The predicted protein consists of 817 amino acids including three potential N-glycosylation sites. The hydropathy plot indicates a tripartite structure of the protein: an amino-terminal third and a carboxyl-terminal third, both with multiple potential transmembrane helices, and a central hydrophilic part. Expression of the clone in Escherichia coli resulted in mannosyltransferase activity. Gene disruption led to a complete loss of in vitro mannosyltransferase activity from dolichyl phosphate-D-mannose to a peptide used as acceptor in the enzymatic assay. In vivo it was observed, however, that protein O-mannosylation in the disruptant had decreased only to about 40-50%, indicating the existence of an additional transferase which had not been measured by the in vitro enzyme assay. << Less

  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90:8164-8168(1993) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]

  This publication is cited by 1 other entry.