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- Name help_outline (S)-carnitine Identifier CHEBI:11060 (Beilstein: 4292316; CAS: 541-14-0) help_outline Charge 0 Formula C7H15NO3 InChIKeyhelp_outline PHIQHXFUZVPYII-LURJTMIESA-N SMILEShelp_outline C[N+](C)(C)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 4 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline ATP Identifier CHEBI:30616 (Beilstein: 3581767) help_outline Charge -4 Formula C10H12N5O13P3 InChIKeyhelp_outline ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J SMILEShelp_outline Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,256 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline CoA Identifier CHEBI:57287 (Beilstein: 11604429) help_outline Charge -4 Formula C21H32N7O16P3S InChIKeyhelp_outline RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-J SMILEShelp_outline CC(C)(COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP([O-])([O-])=O)n1cnc2c(N)ncnc12)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,468 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline (S)-carnitinyl-CoA Identifier CHEBI:62047 Charge -3 Formula C28H46N8O18P3S InChIKeyhelp_outline BBRISSLDTUHWKG-ZORKKWTOSA-K SMILEShelp_outline CC(C)(COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP([O-])([O-])=O)n1cnc2c(N)ncnc12)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[N+](C)(C)C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline ADP Identifier CHEBI:456216 (Beilstein: 3783669) help_outline Charge -3 Formula C10H12N5O10P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-K SMILEShelp_outline Nc1ncnc2n(cnc12)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 835 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline phosphate Identifier CHEBI:43474 Charge -2 Formula HO4P InChIKeyhelp_outline NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L SMILEShelp_outline OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 983 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:30543 | RHEA:30544 | RHEA:30545 | RHEA:30546 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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| Gene Ontology help_outline | ||||
| MetaCyc help_outline |
Publications
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Role of betaine:CoA ligase (CaiC) in the activation of betaines and the transfer of coenzyme A in Escherichia coli.
Bernal V., Arense P., Blatz V., Mandrand-Berthelot M.A., Canovas M., Iborra J.L.
<h4>Aims</h4>Characterization of the role of CaiC in the biotransformation of trimethylammonium compounds into l(-)-carnitine in Escherichia coli.<h4>Methods and results</h4>The caiC gene was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli and its effect on the production of l(-)-carnitine was analysed. Betai ... >> More
<h4>Aims</h4>Characterization of the role of CaiC in the biotransformation of trimethylammonium compounds into l(-)-carnitine in Escherichia coli.<h4>Methods and results</h4>The caiC gene was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli and its effect on the production of l(-)-carnitine was analysed. Betaine:CoA ligase and CoA transferase activities were analysed in cell free extracts and products were studied by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Substrate specificity of the caiC gene product was high, reflecting the high specialization of the carnitine pathway. Although CoA-transferase activity was also detected in vitro, the main in vivo role of CaiC was found to be the synthesis of betainyl-CoAs. Overexpression of CaiC allowed the biotransformation of crotonobetaine to l(-)-carnitine to be enhanced nearly 20-fold, the yield reaching up to 30% (with growing cells). Higher yields were obtained using resting cells (up to 60%), even when d(+)-carnitine was used as substrate.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The expression of CaiC is a control step in the biotransformation of trimethylammonium compounds in E. coli.<h4>Significance and impact of the study</h4>A bacterial betaine:CoA ligase has been characterized for the first time, underlining its important role for the production of l-carnitine with Escherichia coli. << Less
J. Appl. Microbiol. 105:42-50(2008) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 3 other entries.