Enzymes
UniProtKB help_outline | 2 proteins |
GO Molecular Function help_outline |
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Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline D-glucosamine Identifier CHEBI:58723 Charge 1 Formula C6H14NO5 InChIKeyhelp_outline MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-O SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+][C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 8 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
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Namehelp_outline
Nπ-phospho-L-histidyl-[protein]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:9746
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline Nπ-phospho-L-histidine residue Identifier CHEBI:64837 Charge -2 Formula C6H6N3O4P SMILEShelp_outline C(*)(=O)[C@@H](N*)CC=1N(C=NC1)P([O-])(=O)[O-] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 24 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline D-glucosamine 6-phosphate Identifier CHEBI:58725 Charge -1 Formula C6H13NO8P InChIKeyhelp_outline XHMJOUIAFHJHBW-IVMDWMLBSA-M SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+][C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](COP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 10 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
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Namehelp_outline
L-histidyl-[protein]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:9745
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline L-histidine residue Identifier CHEBI:29979 Charge 0 Formula C6H7N3O SMILEShelp_outline C(*)(=O)[C@@H](N*)CC=1N=CNC1 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 40 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
RHEA:37359 | RHEA:37360 | RHEA:37361 | RHEA:37362 | |
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Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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Phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems of bacteria.
Postma P.W., Lengeler J.W., Jacobson G.R.
Numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria take up carbohydrates through the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). This system transports and phosphorylates carbohydrates at the expense of PEP and is the subject of this review. The PTS consists of two gener ... >> More
Numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria take up carbohydrates through the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). This system transports and phosphorylates carbohydrates at the expense of PEP and is the subject of this review. The PTS consists of two general proteins, enzyme I and HPr, and a number of carbohydrate-specific enzymes, the enzymes II. PTS proteins are phosphoproteins in which the phospho group is attached to either a histidine residue or, in a number of cases, a cysteine residue. After phosphorylation of enzyme I by PEP, the phospho group is transferred to HPr. The enzymes II are required for the transport of the carbohydrates across the membrane and the transfer of the phospho group from phospho-HPr to the carbohydrates. Biochemical, structural, and molecular genetic studies have shown that the various enzymes II have the same basic structure. Each enzyme II consists of domains for specific functions, e.g., binding of the carbohydrate or phosphorylation. Each enzyme II complex can consist of one to four different polypeptides. The enzymes II can be placed into at least four classes on the basis of sequence similarity. The genetics of the PTS is complex, and the expression of PTS proteins is intricately regulated because of the central roles of these proteins in nutrient acquisition. In addition to classical induction-repression mechanisms involving repressor and activator proteins, other types of regulation, such as antitermination, have been observed in some PTSs. Apart from their role in carbohydrate transport, PTS proteins are involved in chemotaxis toward PTS carbohydrates. Furthermore, the IIAGlc protein, part of the glucose-specific PTS, is a central regulatory protein which in its nonphosphorylated form can bind to and inhibit several non-PTS uptake systems and thus prevent entry of inducers. In its phosphorylated form, P-IIAGlc is involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase and thus in the regulation of gene expression. By sensing the presence of PTS carbohydrates in the medium and adjusting the phosphorylation state of IIAGlc, cells can adapt quickly to changing conditions in the environment. In gram-positive bacteria, it has been demonstrated that HPr can be phosphorylated by ATP on a serine residue and this modification may perform a regulatory function. << Less