Enzymes
UniProtKB help_outline | 2 proteins |
Enzyme class help_outline |
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Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline (+)-copalyl diphosphate Identifier CHEBI:58635 Charge -3 Formula C20H33O7P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline JCAIWDXKLCEQEO-ATPOGHATSA-K SMILEShelp_outline [H][C@@]12CCC(=C)[C@H](CC\C(C)=C\COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@]1(C)CCCC2(C)C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 14 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline diphosphate Identifier CHEBI:33019 (Beilstein: 185088) help_outline Charge -3 Formula HO7P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K SMILEShelp_outline OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,085 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline pimara-8(14),15-diene Identifier CHEBI:8210 (Beilstein: 2213371; CAS: 1686-61-9,1686-56-2) help_outline Charge 0 Formula C20H32 InChIKeyhelp_outline XDSYKASBVOZOAG-RAUXBKROSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H][C@]12CC[C@@](C)(C=C)C=C1CC[C@@]1([H])C(C)(C)CCC[C@]21C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
RHEA:42984 | RHEA:42985 | RHEA:42986 | RHEA:42987 | |
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Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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Publications
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Evolution of conifer diterpene synthases: diterpene resin acid biosynthesis in lodgepole pine and jack pine involves monofunctional and bifunctional diterpene synthases.
Hall D.E., Zerbe P., Jancsik S., Quesada A.L., Dullat H., Madilao L.L., Yuen M., Bohlmann J.
Diterpene resin acids (DRAs) are major components of pine (Pinus spp.) oleoresin. They play critical roles in conifer defense against insects and pathogens and as a renewable resource for industrial bioproducts. The core structures of DRAs are formed in secondary (i.e. specialized) metabolism via ... >> More
Diterpene resin acids (DRAs) are major components of pine (Pinus spp.) oleoresin. They play critical roles in conifer defense against insects and pathogens and as a renewable resource for industrial bioproducts. The core structures of DRAs are formed in secondary (i.e. specialized) metabolism via cycloisomerization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) by diterpene synthases (diTPSs). Previously described gymnosperm diTPSs of DRA biosynthesis are bifunctional enzymes that catalyze the initial bicyclization of GGPP followed by rearrangement of a (+)-copalyl diphosphate intermediate at two discrete class II and class I active sites. In contrast, similar diterpenes of gibberellin primary (i.e. general) metabolism are produced by the consecutive activity of two monofunctional class II and class I diTPSs. Using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, we discovered 11 diTPS from jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Three of these were orthologous to known conifer bifunctional levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthases. Surprisingly, two sets of orthologous PbdiTPSs and PcdiTPSs were monofunctional class I enzymes that lacked functional class II active sites and converted (+)-copalyl diphosphate, but not GGPP, into isopimaradiene and pimaradiene as major products. Diterpene profiles and transcriptome sequences of lodgepole pine and jack pine are consistent with roles for these diTPSs in DRA biosynthesis. The monofunctional class I diTPSs of DRA biosynthesis form a new clade within the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d3 subfamily that evolved from bifunctional diTPS rather than monofunctional enzymes (TPS-c and TPS-e) of gibberellin metabolism. Homology modeling suggested alterations in the class I active site that may have contributed to their functional specialization relative to other conifer diTPSs. << Less
Plant Physiol. 161:600-616(2013) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 5 other entries.