Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 3 proteins |
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- Name help_outline a ganglioside GD3 Identifier CHEBI:79214 Charge -2 Formula C38H59N3O29R2 SMILEShelp_outline CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@](O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[C@@](C[C@H](O)[C@H]2NC(C)=O)(O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC[C@H](NC([*])=O)[C@H](O)[*])O[C@@H]3CO)[C@@H]2O)C([O-])=O)(O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 4 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine Identifier CHEBI:67138 Charge -2 Formula C17H25N3O17P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline LFTYTUAZOPRMMI-NESSUJCYSA-L SMILEShelp_outline CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 38 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline a ganglioside GD2 Identifier CHEBI:79220 Charge -2 Formula C46H72N4O34R2 SMILEShelp_outline CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC[C@H](NC([*])=O)[C@H](O)[*])O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@@]1(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@@H](O1)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@@H](O1)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,176 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline UDP Identifier CHEBI:58223 Charge -3 Formula C9H11N2O12P2 InChIKeyhelp_outline XCCTYIAWTASOJW-XVFCMESISA-K SMILEShelp_outline O[C@@H]1[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O)n1ccc(=O)[nH]c1=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 542 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:43272 | RHEA:43273 | RHEA:43274 | RHEA:43275 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Related reactions help_outline
Specific form(s) of this reaction
Publications
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Analysis of melanoma cells stably transfected with beta 1,4GalNAc transferase (GM2/GD2 synthase) cDNA: relative glycosyltransferase levels play a dominant role in determining ganglioside expression.
Ruan S., Raj B.K., Furukawa K., Lloyd K.O.
Previous studies (Y. Nagata, S. Yamashiro, J. Yodoi, K. O. Lloyd, H. Shiku, and K. Furukawa (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 12082-12089) had isolated a putative cDNA coding for beta 1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM2/GD2 synthase) and demonstrated the presence of GM2 and/or GD2 gangliosides in ... >> More
Previous studies (Y. Nagata, S. Yamashiro, J. Yodoi, K. O. Lloyd, H. Shiku, and K. Furukawa (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 12082-12089) had isolated a putative cDNA coding for beta 1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM2/GD2 synthase) and demonstrated the presence of GM2 and/or GD2 gangliosides in melanoma cell lines stably transfected with this gene. We have now measured the levels of glycosyltransferase activities and mRNA levels in five transfected cell lines in comparison with their parent cell lines (mouse melanoma B16 and human melanoma MeWo). Membrane preparations from the transfected cell lines demonstrated de novo synthesis of GM2 or GD2 in in vitro assays using GM3 or GD3, respectively, as ganglioside acceptors. The enzyme levels, however, varied considerably among the different transfectants, as did the mRNA levels for the beta 1,4 Gal-NAc-transferase. The effect of the transfected gene on levels of preexisting glycosyltransferases involved in ganglioside biosynthesis was also measured and the ganglioside composition of the cell lines was determined. The level of beta 1,4 GalNAc-transferase expressed in the different cell lines was found to dramatically influence the overall ganglioside composition of the cell. In the transfected cell line with the highest levels of the transferase, for example, biosynthesis was almost completely redirected away from the b pathway to the a pathway with the resulting expression of only GM2. These data from this family of related cell lines clearly demonstrate the primary roles that relative glycosyltransferase levels play in determining the ganglioside composition of cells. << Less
Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 323:11-18(1995) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.
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Beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase can synthesize both asialoglycosphingolipid GM2 and glycosphingolipid GM2 in vitro and in vivo: isolation and characterization of a beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase cDNA clone from rat ascites hepatoma cell line AH7974F.
Hidari J.K., Ichikawa S., Furukawa K., Yamasaki M., Hirabayashi Y.
We have cloned a cDNA encoding beta 1-4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.92) (GalNAc-T) from rat ascites hepatoma of the free-cell type AH7974F. The cell line only expressed asialo-series glycosphingolipids (GSLs) including asialo-GM2 [Taki, T., Hirabayashi, Y., Ishiwata, Y., Matsumoto, ... >> More
We have cloned a cDNA encoding beta 1-4N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.92) (GalNAc-T) from rat ascites hepatoma of the free-cell type AH7974F. The cell line only expressed asialo-series glycosphingolipids (GSLs) including asialo-GM2 [Taki, T., Hirabayashi, Y., Ishiwata, Y., Matsumoto, M., and Kojima, K. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 572, 113-120]. The cDNA, pGNA56, was isolated by screening AH7974F cDNA library in lambda gt10 with a probe. The probe was obtained from AH7974F cDNA by PCR using primers with the nucleotide sequence of the human GalNAc-T cDNA. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of pGNA56 exhibited 88% similarity to the human GalNAc-T sequence. The enzyme was a typical type II membrane protein, which consisted of a short N-terminal residue, a transmembrane region, and a long C-terminal residue, including the catalytic domain. The substrate specificity of rat GalNAc-T was determined using homogenates from cells into which the cDNA clone was transfected. The enzyme catalysed not only the formation of GM2 and GD2 from GM3 and GD3 respectively, but also asialo-GM2 from CDH. It also acted on GSL substrates, including GM1b, sialylparagloboside and GD1 alpha. On the other hand, the enzyme did not transfer GalNAc to soluble substrates such as glycoproteins and oligosaccharide. The GSL compositional and immunocytochemical analyses of stable transfectants obtained by transfection of the cDNA showed simultaneous expression of asialo-GM2 and GM2 on the plasma membrane. Therefore, we concluded that the formation of asialo-GM2, GM2 and GD2 was catalysed by the single GalNAc-T. Northern-blot hybridization showed that the GalNAc-T mRNA was strongly expressed in rat brain, testis, and spleen. The gene was also expressed in rat normal liver to a lesser extent. We found the GSLs in asialo- and alpha-pathways such as asialo-GM1 and GD1 alpha in the rat tissues by using a sensitive t.l.c.-immunostaining method. These observations also supported our conclusion that the single GalNAc-T synthesizes asialo-GM2, GM2 and GD2 in vivo. << Less
Biochem. J. 303:957-965(1994) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 7 other entries.