Enzymes
UniProtKB help_outline | 9 proteins |
Enzyme class help_outline |
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Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline coenzyme B Identifier CHEBI:58596 Charge -3 Formula C11H19NO7PS InChIKeyhelp_outline JBJSVEVEEGOEBZ-SCZZXKLOSA-K SMILEShelp_outline C[C@@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@H](NC(=O)CCCCCCS)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 7 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline coenzyme M Identifier CHEBI:58319 Charge -1 Formula C2H5O3S2 InChIKeyhelp_outline ZNEWHQLOPFWXOF-UHFFFAOYSA-M SMILEShelp_outline [O-]S(=O)(=O)CCS 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 18 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
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Namehelp_outline
oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:10000
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline [2Fe-2S]2+ Identifier CHEBI:33737 Charge 2 Formula Fe2S2 InChIKeyhelp_outline XSOVBBGAMBLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline S1[Fe+]S[Fe+]1 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 236 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide Identifier CHEBI:58411 Charge -4 Formula C13H22NO10PS3 InChIKeyhelp_outline OBGQLHXSMIBYLN-PWSUYJOCSA-J SMILEShelp_outline C[C@@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@H](NC(=O)CCCCCCSSCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 7 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,176 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
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Namehelp_outline
reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin]
Identifier
RHEA-COMP:10001
Reactive part
help_outline
- Name help_outline [2Fe-2S]1+ Identifier CHEBI:33738 Charge 1 Formula Fe2S2 InChIKeyhelp_outline MAGIRAZQQVQNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline S1[Fe]S[Fe+]1 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 236 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
RHEA:55160 | RHEA:55161 | RHEA:55162 | RHEA:55163 | |
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Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
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MetaCyc help_outline |
Publications
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A ferredoxin- and F420H2-dependent, electron-bifurcating, heterodisulfide reductase with homologs in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.
Yan Z., Wang M., Ferry J.G.
Heterodisulfide reductases (Hdr) of the HdrABC class are ancient enzymes and a component of the anaerobic core belonging to the prokaryotic common ancestor. The ancient origin is consistent with the widespread occurrence of genes encoding putative HdrABC homologs in metabolically diverse prokaryot ... >> More
Heterodisulfide reductases (Hdr) of the HdrABC class are ancient enzymes and a component of the anaerobic core belonging to the prokaryotic common ancestor. The ancient origin is consistent with the widespread occurrence of genes encoding putative HdrABC homologs in metabolically diverse prokaryotes predicting diverse physiological functions; however, only one HdrABC has been characterized and that was from a narrow metabolic group of obligate CO<sub>2</sub>-reducing methanogenic anaerobes (methanogens) from the domain Archaea Here we report the biochemical characterization of an HdrABC homolog (HdrA2B2C2) from the acetate-utilizing methanogen Methanosarcina acetivorans with unusual properties structurally and functionally distinct from the only other HdrABC characterized. Homologs of the HdrA2B2C2 archetype are present in phylogenetically and metabolically diverse species from the domains Bacteria and Archaea The expression of the individual HdrA2, HdrB2, and HdrB2C2 enzymes in Escherichia coli, and reconstitution of an active HdrA2B2C2 complex, revealed an intersubunit electron transport pathway dependent on ferredoxin or coenzyme F<sub>420</sub> (F<sub>420</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) as an electron donor. Remarkably, HdrA2B2C2 couples the previously unknown endergonic oxidation of F<sub>420</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and reduction of ferredoxin with the exergonic oxidation of F<sub>420</sub>H<sub>2</sub> and reduction of the heterodisulfide of coenzyme M and coenzyme B (CoMS-SCoB). The unique electron bifurcation predicts a role for HdrA2B2C2 in Fe(III)-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (ANME) by M. acetivorans and uncultured species from ANME environments. HdrA2B2C2, ubiquitous in acetotrophic methanogens, was shown to participate in electron transfer during acetotrophic growth of M. acetivorans and proposed to be essential for growth in the environment when acetate is limiting.<h4>Importance</h4>Discovery of the archetype HdrA2B2C2 heterodisulfide reductase with categorically unique properties extends the understanding of this ancient family beyond CO<sub>2</sub>-reducing methanogens to include diverse prokaryotes from the domains Bacteria and Archaea The unprecedented coenzyme F<sub>420</sub>-dependent electron bifurcation, an emerging fundamental principle of energy conservation, predicts a role for HdrA2B2C2 in diverse metabolisms, including anaerobic CH<sub>4</sub>-oxidizing pathways. The results document an electron transport role for HdrA2B2C2 in acetate-utilizing methanogens responsible for at least two-thirds of the methane produced in Earth's biosphere. The previously unavailable heterologous production of individual subunits and the reconstitution of HdrA2B2C2 with activity have provided an understanding of intersubunit electron transfer in the HdrABC class and a platform for investigating the principles of electron bifurcation. << Less
MBio 8:E02285-E02285(2017) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.
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Methanogenesis by Methanosarcina acetivorans involves two structurally and functionally distinct classes of heterodisulfide reductase.
Buan N.R., Metcalf W.W.
Biochemical studies have revealed two distinct classes of Coenzyme B-Coenzyme M heterodisulfide (CoB-S-S-CoM) reductase (Hdr), a key enzyme required for anaerobic respiration in methane-producing archaea. A cytoplasmic HdrABC enzyme complex is found in most methanogens, whereas a membrane-bound Hd ... >> More
Biochemical studies have revealed two distinct classes of Coenzyme B-Coenzyme M heterodisulfide (CoB-S-S-CoM) reductase (Hdr), a key enzyme required for anaerobic respiration in methane-producing archaea. A cytoplasmic HdrABC enzyme complex is found in most methanogens, whereas a membrane-bound HdrED complex is found exclusively in members of the order Methanosarcinales. Unexpectedly, genomic data indicate that multiple copies of both Hdr classes are found in all sequenced Methanosarcinales genomes. The Methanosarcina acetivorans hdrED1 operon is constitutively expressed and required for viability under all growth conditions examined, consistent with HdrED being the primary Hdr. HdrABC appears to be specifically involved in methylotrophic methanogenesis, based on reduced growth and methanogenesis rates of an hdrA1C1B1 mutant on methylotrophic substrates and downregulation of the genes during growth on acetate. This conclusion is further supported by phylogenetic analysis showing that the presence of hdrA1 in an organism is specifically correlated with the presence of genes for methylotrophic methanogenesis. Examination of mRNA abundance in methanol-grown Delta hdrA1C1B1 strains relative to wild-type revealed upregulation of genes required for synthesis of (di)methylsulfide and for transport and biosynthesis of CoB-SH and CoM-SH, suggesting that the mutant has a defect in electron transfer from ferredoxin to CoB-S-S-CoM that causes cofactor limitation. << Less