Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 1,261 proteins |
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- Name help_outline (2R)-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA Identifier CHEBI:138654 Charge -4 Formula C37H62N7O18P3S InChIKeyhelp_outline KCYAHSOGWAZYJF-UEMWZVKSSA-J SMILEShelp_outline [C@@H]1(N2C3=C(C(=NC=N3)N)N=C2)O[C@H](COP(OP(OCC(C)([C@H](C(NCCC(NCCSC(=O)[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)O)=O)=O)O)C)(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-])[C@H]([C@H]1O)OP([O-])([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline formyl-CoA Identifier CHEBI:57376 Charge -4 Formula C22H32N7O17P3S InChIKeyhelp_outline SXMOKYXNAPLNCW-GORZOVPNSA-J SMILEShelp_outline [H]C(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP([O-])([O-])=O)n1cnc2c(N)ncnc12 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 12 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline pentadecanal Identifier CHEBI:17302 (Beilstein: 1706171; CAS: 2765-11-9) help_outline Charge 0 Formula C15H30O InChIKeyhelp_outline XGQJZNCFDLXSIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H]C(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 3 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:55212 | RHEA:55213 | RHEA:55214 | RHEA:55215 | |
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| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Phytosphingosine degradation pathway includes fatty acid alpha-oxidation reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Kitamura T., Seki N., Kihara A.
Although normal fatty acids (FAs) are degraded via β-oxidation, unusual FAs such as 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs and 3-methyl-branched FAs are degraded via α-oxidation. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is one of the long-chain bases (the sphingolipid components) and exists in specific tissues, including the epiderm ... >> More
Although normal fatty acids (FAs) are degraded via β-oxidation, unusual FAs such as 2-hydroxy (2-OH) FAs and 3-methyl-branched FAs are degraded via α-oxidation. Phytosphingosine (PHS) is one of the long-chain bases (the sphingolipid components) and exists in specific tissues, including the epidermis and small intestine in mammals. In the degradation pathway, PHS is converted to 2-OH palmitic acid and then to pentadecanoic acid (C15:0-COOH) via FA α-oxidation. However, the detailed reactions and genes involved in the α-oxidation reactions of the PHS degradation pathway have yet to be determined. In the present study, we reveal the entire PHS degradation pathway: PHS is converted to C15:0-COOH via six reactions [phosphorylation, cleavage, oxidation, CoA addition, cleavage (C1 removal), and oxidation], in which the last three reactions correspond to the α-oxidation. The aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2 catalyzes both the first and second oxidation reactions (fatty aldehydes to FAs). In <i>Aldh3a2</i>-deficient cells, the unmetabolized fatty aldehydes are reduced to fatty alcohols and are incorporated into ether-linked glycerolipids. We also identify HACL2 (2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 2) [previous name, ILVBL; ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like] as the major 2-OH acyl-CoA lyase involved in the cleavage (C1 removal) reaction in the FA α-oxidation of the PHS degradation pathway. HACL2 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, in addition to the already-known FA α-oxidation in the peroxisomes, we have revealed the existence of FA α-oxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum in mammals. << Less
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114:E2616-E2623(2017) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.