Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 1 proteins |
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- Name help_outline (R)-lactate Identifier CHEBI:16004 (Beilstein: 4655978) help_outline Charge -1 Formula C3H5O3 InChIKeyhelp_outline JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-M SMILEShelp_outline C[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 21 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline NADP+ Identifier CHEBI:58349 Charge -3 Formula C21H25N7O17P3 InChIKeyhelp_outline XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-K SMILEShelp_outline NC(=O)c1ccc[n+](c1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,253 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline H+ Identifier CHEBI:15378 Charge 1 Formula H InChIKeyhelp_outline GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [H+] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 9,176 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline NADPH Identifier CHEBI:57783 (Beilstein: 10411862) help_outline Charge -4 Formula C21H26N7O17P3 InChIKeyhelp_outline ACFIXJIJDZMPPO-NNYOXOHSSA-J SMILEShelp_outline NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H]2O)n2cnc3c(N)ncnc23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1,247 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline pyruvate Identifier CHEBI:15361 (Beilstein: 3587721; CAS: 57-60-3) help_outline Charge -1 Formula C3H3O3 InChIKeyhelp_outline LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-M SMILEShelp_outline CC(=O)C([O-])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 213 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:62968 | RHEA:62969 | RHEA:62970 | RHEA:62971 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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An aldo-keto reductase with 2-keto-l-gulonate reductase activity functions in l-tartaric acid biosynthesis from vitamin C in Vitis vinifera.
Jia Y., Burbidge C.A., Sweetman C., Schutz E., Soole K., Jenkins C., Hancock R.D., Bruning J.B., Ford C.M.
Tartaric acid has high economic value as an antioxidant and flavorant in food and wine industries. l-Tartaric acid biosynthesis in wine grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) uses ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as precursor, representing an unusual metabolic fate for ascorbic acid degradation. Reduction of the ... >> More
Tartaric acid has high economic value as an antioxidant and flavorant in food and wine industries. l-Tartaric acid biosynthesis in wine grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) uses ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as precursor, representing an unusual metabolic fate for ascorbic acid degradation. Reduction of the ascorbate breakdown product 2-keto-l-gulonic acid to l-idonic acid constitutes a critical step in this l-tartaric acid biosynthetic pathway. However, the underlying enzymatic mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we identified a <i>V. vinifera</i> aldo-keto reductase, Vv2KGR, with 2-keto-l-gulonic acid reductase activity. Vv2KGR belongs to the d-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily and displayed the highest similarity to the hydroxyl pyruvate reductase isoform 2 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Enzymatic analyses revealed that Vv2KGR efficiently reduces 2-keto-l-gulonic acid to l-idonic acid and uses NADPH as preferred coenzyme. Moreover, Vv2KGR exhibited broad substrate specificity toward glyoxylate, pyruvate, and hydroxypyruvate, having the highest catalytic efficiency for glyoxylate. We further determined the X-ray crystal structure of Vv2KGR at 1.58 Å resolution. Comparison of the Vv2KGR structure with those of d-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases from animals and microorganisms revealed several unique structural features of this plant hydroxyl pyruvate reductase. Substrate structural analysis indicated that Vv2KGR uses two modes (A and B) to bind different substrates. 2-Keto-l-gulonic acid displayed the lowest predicted free-energy binding to Vv2KGR among all docked substrates. Hence, we propose that Vv2KGR functions in l-tartaric acid biosynthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a d-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase that reduces 2-keto-l-gulonic acid to l-idonic acid in plants. << Less
J. Biol. Chem. 294:15932-15946(2019) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 6 other entries.