Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline tyramine Identifier CHEBI:327995 Charge 1 Formula C8H12NO InChIKeyhelp_outline DZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-O SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+]CCc1ccc(O)cc1 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 15 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline O2 Identifier CHEBI:15379 (CAS: 7782-44-7) help_outline Charge 0 Formula O2 InChIKeyhelp_outline MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SMILEShelp_outline O=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,851 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline dopamine Identifier CHEBI:59905 Charge 1 Formula C8H12NO2 InChIKeyhelp_outline VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-O SMILEShelp_outline [NH3+]CCc1ccc(O)c(O)c1 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 29 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:66596 | RHEA:66597 | RHEA:66598 | RHEA:66599 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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The structure of a prophenoloxidase (PPO) from Anopheles gambiae provides new insights into the mechanism of PPO activation.
Hu Y., Wang Y., Deng J., Jiang H.
<h4>Background</h4>Phenoloxidase (PO)-catalyzed melanization is a universal defense mechanism of insects against pathogenic and parasitic infections. In mosquitos such as Anopheles gambiae, melanotic encapsulation is a resistance mechanism against certain parasites that cause malaria and filariasi ... >> More
<h4>Background</h4>Phenoloxidase (PO)-catalyzed melanization is a universal defense mechanism of insects against pathogenic and parasitic infections. In mosquitos such as Anopheles gambiae, melanotic encapsulation is a resistance mechanism against certain parasites that cause malaria and filariasis. PO is initially synthesized by hemocytes and released into hemolymph as inactive prophenoloxidase (PPO), which is activated by a serine protease cascade upon recognition of foreign invaders. The mechanisms of PPO activation and PO catalysis have been elusive.<h4>Results</h4>Herein, we report the crystal structure of PPO8 from A. gambiae at 2.6 Å resolution. PPO8 forms a homodimer with each subunit displaying a classical type III di-copper active center. Our molecular docking and mutagenesis studies revealed a new substrate-binding site with Glu364 as the catalytic residue responsible for the deprotonation of mono- and di-phenolic substrates. Mutation of Glu364 severely impaired both the monophenol hydroxylase and diphenoloxidase activities of AgPPO8. Our data suggested that the newly identified substrate-binding pocket is the actual site for catalysis, and PPO activation could be achieved without withdrawing the conserved phenylalanine residue that was previously deemed as the substrate 'placeholder'.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We present the structural and functional data from a mosquito PPO. Our results revealed a novel substrate-binding site with Glu364 identified as the key catalytic residue for PO enzymatic activities. Our data offered a new model for PPO activation at the molecular level, which differs from the canonical mechanism that demands withdrawing a blocking phenylalanine residue from the previously deemed substrate-binding site. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of PPO activation and enzymatic catalysis of PO. << Less
BMC Biol. 14:2-2(2016) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.