Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate) Identifier CHEBI:58088 Charge -3 Formula C11H15O16P2R2 SMILEShelp_outline [H][C@@](COC([*])=O)(COP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@H]1O)OC([*])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 13 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:67920 | RHEA:67921 | RHEA:67922 | RHEA:67923 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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Atg9 is a lipid scramblase that mediates autophagosomal membrane expansion.
Matoba K., Kotani T., Tsutsumi A., Tsuji T., Mori T., Noshiro D., Sugita Y., Nomura N., Iwata S., Ohsumi Y., Fujimoto T., Nakatogawa H., Kikkawa M., Noda N.N.
The molecular function of Atg9, the sole transmembrane protein in the autophagosome-forming machinery, remains unknown. Atg9 colocalizes with Atg2 at the expanding edge of the isolation membrane (IM), where Atg2 receives phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we report that yeast ... >> More
The molecular function of Atg9, the sole transmembrane protein in the autophagosome-forming machinery, remains unknown. Atg9 colocalizes with Atg2 at the expanding edge of the isolation membrane (IM), where Atg2 receives phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we report that yeast and human Atg9 are lipid scramblases that translocate phospholipids between outer and inner leaflets of liposomes in vitro. Cryo-EM of fission yeast Atg9 reveals a homotrimer, with two connected pores forming a path between the two membrane leaflets: one pore, located at a protomer, opens laterally to the cytoplasmic leaflet; the other, at the trimer center, traverses the membrane vertically. Mutation of residues lining the pores impaired IM expansion and autophagy activity in yeast and abolished Atg9's ability to transport phospholipids between liposome leaflets. These results suggest that phospholipids delivered by Atg2 are translocated from the cytoplasmic to the luminal leaflet by Atg9, thereby driving autophagosomal membrane expansion. << Less
Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 27:1185-1193(2020) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]