Enzymes
| UniProtKB help_outline | 3,355 proteins |
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- Name help_outline a β-D-galactosyl-(1↔1ʼ)-N-acylsphing-4-enine Identifier CHEBI:18390 Charge 0 Formula C25H46NO8R SMILEShelp_outline C(=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCC)\[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)*)CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O)O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 14 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline cholesterol Identifier CHEBI:16113 (CAS: 57-88-5) help_outline Charge 0 Formula C27H46O InChIKeyhelp_outline HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N SMILEShelp_outline C1[C@@]2([C@]3(CC[C@]4([C@]([C@@]3(CC=C2C[C@H](C1)O)[H])(CC[C@@]4([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[H])[H])C)[H])C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 63 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline cholesteryl 3-β-D-galactoside Identifier CHEBI:189066 Charge 0 Formula C33H56O6 InChIKeyhelp_outline FSMCJUNYLQOAIM-YQDUOBHUSA-N SMILEShelp_outline [C@@]12([C@@]([C@@]3(C(C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H]4O)O)CO)CC3)=CC1)C)(CC[C@@]5(C)[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]5([C@@H](CCCC(C)C)C)[H])[H])[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 3 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline an N-acylsphing-4-enine Identifier CHEBI:52639 Charge 0 Formula C19H36NO3R SMILEShelp_outline CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)NC([*])=O 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 136 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:70235 | RHEA:70236 | RHEA:70237 | RHEA:70238 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Related reactions help_outline
Specific form(s) of this reaction
Publications
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Glucocerebrosidases catalyze a transgalactosylation reaction that yields a newly-identified brain sterol metabolite, galactosylated cholesterol.
Akiyama H., Ide M., Nagatsuka Y., Sayano T., Nakanishi E., Uemura N., Yuyama K., Yamaguchi Y., Kamiguchi H., Takahashi R., Aerts J.M.F.G., Greimel P., Hirabayashi Y.
β-Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to generate ceramide. Previously, we demonstrated that lysosomal GBA1 and nonlysosomal GBA2 possess not only GlcCer hydrolase activity, but also transglucosylation activity to transfer the glucose residue from GlcCer to cholesterol to ... >> More
β-Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to generate ceramide. Previously, we demonstrated that lysosomal GBA1 and nonlysosomal GBA2 possess not only GlcCer hydrolase activity, but also transglucosylation activity to transfer the glucose residue from GlcCer to cholesterol to form β-cholesterylglucoside (β-GlcChol) <i>in vitro</i> β-GlcChol is a member of sterylglycosides present in diverse species. How GBA1 and GBA2 mediate β-GlcChol metabolism in the brain is unknown. Here, we purified and characterized sterylglycosides from rodent and fish brains. Although glucose is thought to be the sole carbohydrate component of sterylglycosides in vertebrates, structural analysis of rat brain sterylglycosides revealed the presence of galactosylated cholesterol (β-GalChol), in addition to β-GlcChol. Analyses of brain tissues from GBA2-deficient mice and GBA1-and/or GBA2-deficient Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) revealed that GBA1 and GBA2 are responsible for β-GlcChol degradation and formation, respectively, and that both GBA1 and GBA2 are responsible for β-GalChol formation. Liquid chromatography-tandem MS revealed that β-GlcChol and β-GalChol are present throughout development from embryo to adult in the mouse brain. We found that β-GalChol expression depends on galactosylceramide (GalCer), and developmental onset of β-GalChol biosynthesis appeared to be during myelination. We also found that β-GlcChol and β-GalChol are secreted from neurons and glial cells in association with exosomes. <i>In vitro</i> enzyme assays confirmed that GBA1 and GBA2 have transgalactosylation activity to transfer the galactose residue from GalCer to cholesterol to form β-GalChol. This is the first report of the existence of β-GalChol in vertebrates and how β-GlcChol and β-GalChol are formed in the brain. << Less
J. Biol. Chem. 295:5257-5277(2020) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 2 other entries.