Reaction participants Show >> << Hide
- Name help_outline urobilinogen Identifier CHEBI:228218 Charge -2 Formula C33H42N4O6 InChIKeyhelp_outline OBHRVMZSZIDDEK-UHFFFAOYSA-L SMILEShelp_outline C=1(CC2NC(=O)C(=C2CC)C)NC(=C(C1C)CCC(=O)[O-])CC=3NC(CC4NC(C(=C4C)CC)=O)=C(C3CCC(=O)[O-])C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline A Identifier CHEBI:13193 Charge Formula R SMILEShelp_outline * 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 3,001 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline (4Z,15Z)-mesobilirubin IXα Identifier CHEBI:229696 Charge -2 Formula C33H38N4O6 InChIKeyhelp_outline HVHKMUMXERBUAN-IFADSCNNSA-L SMILEShelp_outline C=1(/C=C/2\NC(=O)C(=C2CC)C)NC(=C(C1C)CCC(=O)[O-])CC=3NC(/C=C/4\NC(C(=C4C)CC)=O)=C(C3CCC(=O)[O-])C 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 1 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
- Name help_outline AH2 Identifier CHEBI:17499 Charge 0 Formula RH2 SMILEShelp_outline *([H])[H] 2D coordinates Mol file for the small molecule Search links Involved in 2,929 reaction(s) Find molecules that contain or resemble this structure Find proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule
Cross-references
| RHEA:79063 | RHEA:79064 | RHEA:79065 | RHEA:79066 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction direction help_outline | undefined | left-to-right | right-to-left | bidirectional |
| UniProtKB help_outline |
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Publications
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BilR is a gut microbial enzyme that reduces bilirubin to urobilinogen.
Hall B., Levy S., Dufault-Thompson K., Arp G., Zhong A., Ndjite G.M., Weiss A., Braccia D., Jenkins C., Grant M.R., Abeysinghe S., Yang Y., Jermain M.D., Wu C.H., Ma B., Jiang X.
Metabolism of haem by-products such as bilirubin by humans and their gut microbiota is essential to human health, as excess serum bilirubin can cause jaundice and even neurological damage. The bacterial enzymes that reduce bilirubin to urobilinogen, a key step in this pathway, have remained uniden ... >> More
Metabolism of haem by-products such as bilirubin by humans and their gut microbiota is essential to human health, as excess serum bilirubin can cause jaundice and even neurological damage. The bacterial enzymes that reduce bilirubin to urobilinogen, a key step in this pathway, have remained unidentified. Here we used biochemical analyses and comparative genomics to identify BilR as a gut-microbiota-derived bilirubin reductase that reduces bilirubin to urobilinogen. We delineated the BilR sequences from similar reductases through the identification of key residues critical for bilirubin reduction and found that BilR is predominantly encoded by Firmicutes species. Analysis of human gut metagenomes revealed that BilR is nearly ubiquitous in healthy adults, but prevalence is decreased in neonates and individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. This discovery sheds light on the role of the gut microbiome in bilirubin metabolism and highlights the significance of the gut-liver axis in maintaining bilirubin homeostasis. << Less
Nat. Microbiol. 9:173-184(2024) [PubMed] [EuropePMC]
This publication is cited by 1 other entry.